A major environmental concern associated with desalination is its high energy consumption, which can influence greenhouse gas emissions unless mitigated by renewables. Which option captures this?

• A. High energy consumption increases greenhouse gas emissions unless mitigated by renewables.
• B. It creates no waste products.
• C. It reduces brine production.
• D. It eliminates the need for wastewater treatment.

Answer: (A)

Desalination consumes a lot of energy, and the environmental impact hinges on how that energy is generated. If the electricity comes from fossil fuels, the process adds greenhouse gas emissions; using renewable or low-carbon energy can reduce or offset those emissions, which is exactly what this choice conveys. The other statements aren’t accurate reflections of the main concern: desalination does produce waste brine and chemical residues, so the claim of no waste products is false; it does not reduce brine production—quite the opposite, it creates concentrated brine that must be managed; and it does not eliminate the need for wastewater treatment, since other water streams and the brine disposal still present treatment and discharge considerations.